Florida citrus greening disease research and solutions

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SUMMARY

The FDA lowered the minimum Brix requirement for pasteurized orange juice from 10.5% to 10% on July 17, 2026, to help Florida's orange industry use more citrus greening-affected oranges, while the USDA invested an additional $10 million for research and development. As of July 17, 2026, Florida's citrus industry is seeing a mix of challenges and advancements, with the USDA raising its 2025-2026 orange production forecast to 12.92 million boxes, a 5.7% increase, despite 100% of trees being infected with citrus greening and a new invasive pasture mealybug identified in 15 counties. New HLB-resistant orange cultivars have been authorized for planting, and researchers are exploring CRISPR gene editing and 'mantabodies' to combat the disease, alongside a $196 million state budget allocation for industry revitalization and research. The Citrus Research and Development Foundation and the Citrus Research and Field Trial Foundation have merged to accelerate therapy validation, and Citrus Under Protective Screen (CUPS) technology is expanding to protect groves.

Timeline

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Timeline of developments

July 2026 9 developments

  1. FDA Lowers Orange Juice Sugar Content; USDA Invests $10M to Combat Citrus Greening

    The FDA has lowered the minimum Brix (sugar content) requirement for pasteurized orange juice from 10.5% to 10%, a move aimed at assisting Florida's orange industry by allowing juicers to use more Florida-grown oranges affected by citrus greening. Additionally, the USDA is investing $10 million to support Florida citrus growers in combating citrus greening disease through research and development of new technologies and strategies.

  2. HLB-Resistant Orange Cultivars Authorized for Planting in Florida

    Several HLB-resistant orange cultivars have recently been authorized for planting, representing a significant step in developing trees less susceptible to citrus greening disease. This advancement is part of ongoing research into resistant varieties and gene editing techniques to combat the invasive Asian citrus psyllid and its devastating impact on Florida's citrus production.

  3. Scientists Explore CRISPR, Mantabodies, and Insect Predators to Combat Citrus Greening

    Scientists are exploring CRISPR gene editing to modify citrus trees and deactivate genes susceptible to citrus greening. Researchers are also investigating 'mantabodies,' derived from stingray antibodies, as a novel therapy to combat the disease. Additionally, UF/IFAS researchers have identified three insect species that prey on the eggs of the Asian citrus psyllid, offering a potential new avenue for sustainable psyllid management.

  4. USDA Raises Florida Orange Production Forecast Amid Citrus Greening Crisis

    The USDA has raised its forecast for Florida's 2025-2026 orange production to 12.92 million boxes, a 5.7% increase from the previous season. This optimistic adjustment is supported by growers reporting improved tree health and fruit quality, as well as the EPA's approval of Soilcea's CarriCea T1 rootstock. This offers a glimmer of hope for the state's citrus industry despite the persistent citrus greening disease.

  5. Biofertilizers Show Promise in Combating Florida Citrus Greening Disease

    Biofertilizers, such as the Brazilian-developed Bio Extra Verde (BEV), are showing promise in reducing fruit drop and increasing sugar content in oranges. This research offers a potential new avenue for combating the citrus greening disease and revitalizing Florida's struggling citrus industry.

  6. Florida Citrus Industry Receives $196 Million Boost Amidst Greening Crisis; New Research Underway

    The University of Florida is analyzing data from its Millennium Block Project, involving over 5,000 trees bred for disease tolerance, with results expected later this year. Additionally, the Florida state budget for 2026-2027 allocates $196 million to revitalize the citrus industry, with $160 million earmarked for the Citrus Research and Field Trial (CRAFT) program.

  7. New Invasive Pest Emerges in Florida, Worsening Citrus Industry Crisis

    A new invasive pest, the pasture mealybug, has emerged in Florida, exacerbating the ongoing crisis in the citrus industry which is already struggling with citrus greening disease. The pest has been identified in 15 Florida counties as of July 6, 2026, adding to the challenges that have seen production fall to historic lows.

  8. Florida Citrus Industry Merges Research Foundations and Invests $196 Million for Recovery

    The Citrus Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) and the Citrus Research and Field Trial (CRAFT) Foundation have merged to accelerate the validation of therapies for citrus greening disease. Florida has also invested $196 million in a package approved in July 2026 to support groves and tree replacement as part of industry recovery efforts.

  9. Florida Citrus Growers Shift to Fresh Market, Expand Protective Screen Technology

    Florida juice orange growers are shifting towards fresh market production, increasing demand for specific varietal traits. Additionally, Citrus Under Protective Screen (CUPS) technology is seeing significant expansion in Florida to safeguard groves against pests and diseases like citrus greening.

June 2026 4 developments

  1. Florida Legislature Considers $320M for Citrus Greening Research Amidst 100% Tree Infection Rate

    Florida's legislature is considering a $320 million funding initiative for citrus greening research and tree planting, pending the governor's approval. University of Florida scientists are testing gene-edited citrus varieties for resistance, with potential for orange production by late 2026 or spring 2027. Researchers now estimate that 100% of Florida's orange trees are infected with the disease.

  2. UF Researchers Develop New Citrus Greening Detection Method and Biological Control Agent

    University of Florida researchers have developed a new method for detecting citrus greening disease using advanced imaging and AI, enabling earlier intervention. Additionally, a new parasitic wasp has been discovered that specifically targets the Asian citrus psyllid, offering a promising biological control agent.

  3. Florida Legislature Approves $320 Million for Citrus Research; New Pest Predators Identified

    Florida's legislature has approved $320 million over two years for citrus greening research and tree planting, aiming to support field trials and develop disease-resistant varieties. Concurrently, UF/IFAS researchers have identified three commercially available insect species that effectively prey on Asian citrus psyllid eggs, offering a new biological control strategy.

  4. Florida Citrus Growers Explore Bamboo as Alternative Crop Amidst Industry Crisis

    Researchers are exploring bamboo as a potential alternative crop for struggling citrus growers, as over 50% of citrus acreage has been lost to citrus greening disease. Efforts to combat the disease include developing disease-resistant varieties, utilizing AI for protein interaction studies, and investigating natural compounds. The University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) is also educating residents on managing greening and psyllids.

May 2026 4 developments

  1. Florida Allocates $196 Million for Citrus Greening Research and Recovery Efforts

    Florida has allocated nearly $196 million for research and recovery efforts to combat citrus greening and the Asian citrus psyllid. A significant portion of this funding is directed to the CRAFT Foundation to address Huanglongbing (HLB). These efforts aim to revive the industry, which has seen production plummet to historic lows.

  2. Florida Scientists Develop Greening-Tolerant Citrus, Identify New Pest Controls

    University of Florida scientists are developing citrus varieties tolerant to citrus greening using gene editing and precision breeding, with results from a seven-year project expected later in 2026. Promising research has also identified three commercially available insect species that prey on Asian citrus psyllid eggs, offering a potential new defense.

  3. Florida Legislature Allocates $140 Million for Citrus Industry Revitalization

    The Florida legislature has committed $140 million to support the struggling citrus industry, with a significant portion dedicated to research and field trials aimed at combating citrus greening. Further legislative measures include providing tax incentives for farmers to replace infected trees. These initiatives underscore the state's commitment to addressing the crisis.

  4. EPA Approves New Rootstock, Scientists Test GM Trees Against Citrus Greening

    The EPA has approved CarriCea T1, a new genetically edited citrus rootstock designed to help trees defend against citrus greening. Separately, University of Florida scientists are testing a genetically modified tree that produces a protein to kill young Asian citrus psyllids, and researchers have identified three insect species that prey on psyllid eggs as a biological control method.

April 2026 2 developments

  1. Alico Exits Citrus Market Amid Industry Decline; Scientists Develop GM Trees and CUPS Technology

    Scientists are developing genetically modified citrus trees and breeding for greening tolerance, while 'Citrus Under Protective Screen' (CUPS) technology shows promise in excluding pests. Additionally, major grower Alico has exited the citrus market due to the industry's severe decline.

February 2026 4 developments

  1. California declares citrus quarantine in Ramona due to Huanglongbing disease discovery

    Researchers are using gene-editing technology like CRISPR to develop citrus greening-resistant oranges, with potential availability next year. Meanwhile, California has declared a new citrus quarantine in Ramona due to the discovery of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, learning from Florida's experience with the devastating impact of the disease.

  2. UF/IFAS enlists Florida residents in fight against citrus greening and psyllids

    The University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) is now enlisting Florida residents in the fight against citrus greening and the Asian citrus psyllids. Workshops have shown that a significant majority of participants are willing to help identify, monitor, and manage the pests and disease.

  3. Florida Citrus Growers Face Reduced Crop Yields Due to Drought and Extreme Weather

    Florida citrus growers are facing reduced crop yields due to drought, exacerbated by global temperature increases and extreme weather events. This adds to the existing challenges of citrus greening disease and hurricanes, further impacting the industry's viability and contributing to rising food production costs.

  4. Florida's Orange Production Collapses 94% Due to Citrus Greening Disease

    Florida's citrus industry has seen a dramatic collapse, with orange production falling by 94% from 244 million boxes in 1997 to 14.5 million today, the lowest in over a century. This decline is attributed to the Asian citrus psyllid and citrus greening disease, with a definitive solution still estimated to be a decade away.

January 2026 18 developments

  1. Florida citrus industry develops strategies to combat invasive citrus psyllid

    Florida's citrus industry is actively developing new strategies to combat the invasive citrus psyllid, the carrier of citrus greening disease. Researchers are exploring genetically modified trees incorporating a pest-resistant gene and implementing protective screening structures to shield trees from the psyllids. These efforts aim to mitigate the significant reduction in acreage and production caused by the pest and disease.

  2. University of Florida Researchers Focus on Greening-Tolerant Citrus Varieties

    University of Florida researchers are now focusing on creating citrus tree varieties tolerant to greening disease for coexistence, rather than a definitive cure. The Millennium Block project, established in 2019 with 5,000 trees, is currently undergoing hand-harvesting for evaluation.

  3. UF/IFAS Millennium Block project harvests citrus to identify greening-tolerant varieties

    The UF/IFAS Millennium Block project, a seven-year research initiative, is currently undergoing harvest to identify citrus varieties and rootstock combinations tolerant to citrus greening. Researchers are evaluating fruit quality, marketability, stress tolerance, and yield, with results expected later this year.

  4. Florida's citrus production falls to lowest levels since 1930

    Florida's citrus production has fallen to its lowest levels since 1930, further emphasizing the severity of the ongoing crisis. This decline is primarily attributed to Citrus Greening disease and other systemic challenges over two decades.

  5. Florida's 2025-26 orange harvest projected lowest in nearly a century

    Florida's orange harvest for the 2025-26 season is projected to be the lowest in nearly a century, with an estimated 12 million boxes of fruit. This decline is largely attributed to the ongoing citrus greening disease and the impact of Hurricane Milton.

  6. Florida citrus industry shows early comeback signs despite low orange production

    The Florida citrus industry is showing early signs of a comeback, attributed to the implementation of innovative treatments, therapies, and the development of disease-tolerant trees. Despite this optimism, orange production for the current season remains low.

  7. Florida Citrus Growers Urge EPA to Expedite Approval of CarriCea T1 Rootstock

    Florida citrus growers and industry associations have urged the U.S. EPA to expedite the approval of Soilcea's CarriCea T1 rootstock, a genetically modified rootstock developed with UF using CRISPR technology, which has shown reduced disease levels against citrus greening in field trials.

  8. University of Florida Researchers Explore New Antimicrobial Treatments for Citrus Greening

    Researchers at the University of Florida are exploring novel and target-specific antimicrobial treatments aimed at diminishing Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the bacteria responsible for citrus greening. This represents a new avenue of treatment being pursued.

  9. UF/IFAS Researchers Publish Study on Invasive Thrips; Texas A&M AgriLife Leads Citrus Greening Research

    Researchers at the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) published a detailed study on the invasive short-spined thrips, a pest causing significant economic losses. Additionally, Texas A&M AgriLife Research is leading a multi-institutional study to develop sustainable delivery systems for citrus greening treatments.

  10. Florida Citrus Growers Target Pests in 2026 Management Strategies

    Florida citrus growers' 2026 pest management strategies include targeting peak flush periods to control pests such as the Asian citrus psyllid and citrus leafminer. Researchers are also developing new approaches to protect fruit and maintain tree productivity.

  11. University of Florida scientists research genetically modified citrus to combat citrus greening

    University of Florida scientists are actively pursuing advanced research to combat citrus greening, including testing genetically modified citrus trees designed to kill psyllids. Researchers at the Crop Transformation Center are also using gene editing and AI to identify and introduce genes for natural tolerance into new citrus varieties.

  12. Florida orange yields plummet to 50 boxes per acre, prompting citrus imports

    Orange yields in Florida have plummeted from 500 boxes per acre to around 50, leading to local stores importing citrus due to inconsistent and poor-quality local produce. This highlights the severe crisis facing the industry.

  13. USDA Secretary Rollins outlines 2026 research priorities, focusing on invasive species

    U.S. Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins outlined the USDA's 2026 research priorities, emphasizing the protection of American agriculture from invasive species, specifically highlighting citrus greening and its estimated cost to Florida.

  14. Florida citrus industry orange production drops 95% since 1998 due to citrus greening disease

    The Florida citrus industry has experienced a nearly 95% reduction in orange production since 1998 due to citrus greening disease. This severe decline has led to some citrus land being converted for housing.

  15. UF/IFAS Researchers Investigate Older Citrus Varieties for Greening Disease Resilience

    Researchers at the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) are now investigating older citrus varieties for their natural resilience to citrus greening disease. This effort aims to help farmers reduce costs associated with the disease.

December 2025 3 developments

  1. Florida citrus industry experiences resurgence with CUPS technology

    The Florida citrus industry is experiencing a resurgence, driven by innovative technologies such as 'Citrus Under Protective Screen' (CUPS) structures. These large screened enclosures effectively keep out the Asian citrus psyllid, preventing the spread of greening disease and fostering faster tree growth.

  2. UF/IFAS Researchers Explore Finger Limes as Citrus Greening Solution

    Researchers at the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) are exploring Australian 'finger limes' as a potential alternative or solution for Florida's citrus industry. This initiative aims to address the severe impact of citrus greening disease.

November 2025 2 developments

  1. ARS Scientists Discover Citrus Greening Tolerant Orange Tree

    ARS scientists discovered a sweet orange tree named 'Donaldson' showing natural tolerance to citrus greening despite infection. University of Florida researchers are also implementing short-term solutions, long-term genetic resistance strategies, and studying biological control agents and Citrus Under Protective Screen (CUPS) to combat the disease.

  2. UF/IFAS Researchers Update on Florida Citrus Fungal Disease Battle

    The Florida citrus industry is battling multiple fungal diseases, including greasy spot, greasy-green, citrus black spot (CBS), and phytophthora brown rot, in addition to citrus greening. Researchers from the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) are providing updates on these challenges.

September 2025 3 developments

  1. UF/IFAS study examines imidacloprid movement in Florida soils, groundwater contamination

    A new UF/IFAS study is examining the movement of the systemic insecticide imidacloprid through Florida's sandy soils and its potential to contaminate shallow groundwater, highlighting environmental concerns alongside citrus greening.

  2. Florida's citrus industry acreage drops 24% for 2025-2026 growing season

    Florida's citrus industry experienced a 24% reduction in acreage for the 2025-2026 growing season compared to the previous year. This contributes to a 94% drop in orange production since 2005, attributed to disease, hurricanes, and development pressure.

August 2025 3 developments

  1. UF/IFAS engages Florida residents in workshops to manage Asian citrus psyllid

    The University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) is now engaging Florida residents in workshops to manage the Asian citrus psyllid, while new research identifies ten novel insect-specific viruses for potential biological control. Concurrently, the Florida citrus industry is shifting towards agroecological 'push-pull' pest management and away from chemical-intensive practices due to legal challenges.

July 2025 3 developments

  1. UF/IFAS Researchers Observe Significant Reduction in Asian Citrus Psyllid Populations

    UF/IFAS researchers have observed significant reductions in Asian citrus psyllid populations, ranging from 66% to 95%, attributed to natural enemies as part of biological control efforts. This demonstrates the effectiveness of a specific pest management strategy.

  2. UF/IFAS Entomologist Advises Florida Citrus Growers on Insecticide Application Timing

    A UF/IFAS entomologist advises Florida citrus growers to target flush periods for insecticide applications to effectively manage the Asian citrus psyllid.

June 2025 2 developments

  1. Florida's Orange Production Declines 95% Since 1997-98 Season, Alico Inc. Ceases Operations

    Florida's citrus industry has experienced a staggering 95% decline in orange production since the 1997-98 season. Major producers like Alico Inc. are ceasing operations, deeming citrus growing in Florida no longer economic.

  2. Bayer Partners with CRDF to Combat Citrus Greening Disease

    Bayer has partnered with the Citrus Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) to combat citrus greening disease. Additionally, scientists have engineered citrus trees with an 'attract-and-kill' system, utilizing virus-induced gene silencing and RNA interference to lure and eliminate Asian citrus psyllids.

April 2025 1 developments

March 2025 2 developments

February 2025 2 developments

  1. Invaio Sciences' Trecise™ technology improves citrus greening by 30% in Florida trials

    Invaio Sciences and Silvec Biologics are developing new solutions to combat citrus greening. Invaio Sciences' Trecise™ technology, which delivers active ingredients directly into trees, showed a 30% improvement in Florida trials in 2023.

  2. UF/IFAS Researchers Develop Plant Hormone Solutions to Combat Citrus Greening

    UF/IFAS researchers are developing innovative solutions to combat citrus greening by using plant hormones, such as gibberellic acid and synthetic auxins, to improve tree health. This approach aims to enhance the trees' natural defenses against the devastating disease.

January 2025 4 developments

  1. University of Florida Scientists Develop Genetically Modified Citrus Trees to Combat Citrus Greening

    University of Florida scientists are developing genetically modified citrus trees to resist the Asian citrus psyllid, the carrier of citrus greening disease. This novel approach involves inserting a gene from a soil-borne bacterium to enable trees to produce a protein that kills young psyllids. The research is currently in lab and greenhouse stages, aiming to combat the significant reduction in Florida's citrus acreage and production.

  2. Researchers explore gene-edited plants to combat citrus greening disease

    Researchers are now exploring gene-edited plants that can recognize pathogens and activate the tree's immune response. This represents a new approach in the ongoing efforts to combat citrus greening disease.

December 2024 2 developments

  1. University of Florida researchers grow genetically modified tree to combat citrus psyllids

    Florida's citrus production has declined over 90% since 2005, exacerbated by low fruit prices and rising input costs. Separately, University of Florida researchers successfully grew a genetically modified tree that produces a protein effective in killing baby Asian citrus psyllids.

October 2024 2 developments

  1. FIU Researchers Discover Antimicrobials in Citrus Trees Tolerant to Greening Disease

    Florida International University (FIU) researchers have discovered that citrus trees naturally tolerant to greening disease harbor bacteria producing novel antimicrobials. These compounds have shown high effectiveness in killing the citrus greening pathogen in controlled environments.

June 2024 1 developments

  1. New citrus greening therapies explored; UF research nears completion

    Researchers are exploring novel therapies for citrus greening, including 'mantabodies' derived from stingrays and the use of endophytes from a plant's microbiome to suppress the bacteria. The University of Florida's 'Millennium Block' project, focused on citrus trees bred for greening tolerance, is nearing the end of its seven-year research with results anticipated later in 2026.

May 2024 1 developments

  1. UFL Researchers Identify Natural Enemies of Citrus Psyllid for Biological Control

    University of Florida researchers have identified three commercially available insect species that prey on the eggs of the Asian citrus psyllid, a vector for citrus greening disease. These beneficial insects, including green lacewing larva and mealybug destroyer, offer a new biological control strategy to significantly reduce psyllid populations. This discovery is particularly promising for organic growers seeking sustainable pest management solutions.

April 2024 2 developments

  1. Scientists explore agroecological methods to combat citrus psyllid and greening disease in Florida

    Scientists are exploring agroecological methods, such as 'push-pull' pest management, to combat the Asian citrus psyllid and citrus greening disease in Florida. This technique involves distracting pests with attractive plants and luring them to trap crops, aiming to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides.

January 2024 1 developments

May 2023 1 developments

February 2023 3 developments

  1. FIU Scientists Investigate Plant Compounds and Gene-Edited Trees to Combat Citrus Greening

    Florida International University scientists are investigating natural compounds from plant microbiomes to combat citrus greening, with the USDA awarding $500,000 for research into antimicrobial compounds. Researchers are also testing gene-edited citrus trees designed to resist the disease, with early results showing promise, though commercial planting is still estimated to be years away.

  2. FIU Scientists Investigate Plant Microbiome to Combat Citrus Greening with USDA Funding

    Florida International University (FIU) scientists are investigating the use of a plant's own microbiome to combat citrus greening. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has provided $500,000 to FIU for this research, aiming to find natural compounds that can suppress the bacteria causing the disease.

  3. Scientists investigate plant microbiome compounds to combat citrus greening disease

    Scientists are investigating natural compounds derived from a plant's microbiome as a potential strategy to combat citrus greening disease. This research aims to identify antimicrobial agents that could suppress the disease, offering a new avenue for protecting Florida's citrus industry.

May 2022 1 developments

August 2014 1 developments

February 2010 1 developments

January 2008 1 developments

January 2007 1 developments

June 2006 1 developments

August 2005 1 developments